References


  • Jungerstam-Mulders, S. (2006). Parties and party systems in post-communist EU member states: comparative aspect. In: Post-communist EU member states: parties and party systems. Jungerstam-Mulders, S. (ed.). Burlington, VT; Aldershot: Ashgate. pp. 1-21. (Note: general overview about parties and party system in CEE countries compared to the Western Europe)
  • Jurkynas, M. (2004). Emerging cleavages in new democracies: The case of Lithuania. Journal of Baltic Studies. Vol. XXXV, No. 3. pp. 278 - 296.
  • Mikkel, E & Pettai, V. (2004). The Baltics: Independence with Divergent Electoral Systems. In: HANDBOOK OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM CHOICE. Josep M. Colomer (ed.). New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, pp. 332-346.
  • Novagrockiene, J. (2001). The development and consolidation of the Lithuanian political party system. Journal of Baltic Studies. Vol. XXXII, No. 2. pp. 141 - 155.
  • Taagepera, R. (2004). Meteoric Rise: Res Publica in Estonia, 2001-2004. Paper Prepared for the Ecpr 2004 Joint Sessions of Workshops, 13-18 April, Uppsala Universitet.
  • Kreuzer, M. & and Pettai, V. (2003). Patterns of Political Instability: Affiliation Patterns of Politicians in Post-communist Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Studies in Comparative International Development, vol. 38, no. 2, 76-98.
  • Runcis, A. (2005). Parties and party politics in Latvia: Origin and currend development. In: Political parties in post-Soviet space. Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the Baltic. Kulik, A & Pshizova, S. (eds.). London, Connecticut, Westport: Praeger, pp. 161-182.
  • Toomla, R. (2005). Political parties in Estonia. In: Political parties in post-Soviet space. Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the Baltic. Kulik, A & Pshizova, S. (eds.). London, Connecticut, Westport: Praeger, pp. 137-160.
  • Krupavičius, A. (2005a). Political parties and multi-party systems in the Baltic countries 1991 –2001. In: Political parties in post-Soviet space. Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the Baltic. Kulik, A & Pshizova, S. (eds.). London, Connecticut, Westport: Praeger, pp. 121-136
  • Krupavičius, A. (2005b). Lithuania’s political parties and party system, 1990-2001. In: Political parties in post-Soviet space. Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the Baltic. Kulik, A & Pshizova, S. (eds.). London, Connecticut, Westport: Praeger, pp. 183 – 210.
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Tõnis Saarts, Tallinn University 2009